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If the pear tree has black leaves, several causes can be responsible. First of all, it is important for the correct treatment and the avoidance of further damage to recognize the respective trigger. Only then can action be taken accordingly. However, the diagnosis is not always easy.
prevention
The pear tree is susceptible to a variety of diseases. Pests can transmit pathogens. However, unfavorable conditions at the site can also lead to an increased susceptibility to infections.
In order to reduce the risk of diseases, the following factors are therefore important:
Choose a resistant pear variety
Some breeds are more resilient than others. If you pay attention to resistances when making your selection, you can keep the risk of diseases low.
Choose the best location
A lack of protection or an unsuitable substrate does not have to cause the pear tree to die. However, unfavorable conditions at the site can weaken the crop and thus increase the risk of damage and infection. A sheltered spot in full sun and a humus-rich, lime-poor and well-drained substrate are ideal.
Adjust care and maintain cleanliness
As a fruit tree, the pear does not require much care, but it should be done properly. Sufficient watering in dry periods, regular fertilization and a blend with clean cutting tools are urgently required. If cutting tools are not disinfected before and after cutting, germs can get onto the open cut surfaces. This increases the risk of infection.
controls
In order to recognize the diseases at an early stage and to be able to distinguish them from one another as easily as possible, you should check the pear tree regularly. For this purpose, leaves, flowers, fruits and shoots are simply examined every one to two weeks. That's enough to see changes. The checks should be carried out from the first budding in spring and continue until late autumn.
Diseases
Black leaves on the pear tree can be caused by the following three diseases:
- Pear Blossom Burn
- fire blight
- black spot disease
While pear blossom blight and black spot disease are still treatable, for fire blight you should destroy all parts of the plant as soon as possible. This is the only way to prevent the spread and damage to numerous plants.
Pear Blossom Burn
The pear blossom brandy is one bacterial disease, for which Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae is mostly responsible. A risk factor for the infection of the pear is found particularly throughfrost damage. In the case of insufficient protection, late frost in particular can create weak points through which the pathogens can penetrate the pear tree.
Pear blossom smut can be recognized by the following signs:
- Black spots on the flowers, leaves and fruits
- leaves fall off
- Fruits do not reach maturity and fall off prematurely
Treatment is possible with appropriate pesticides. Copper-containing products have proven themselves.
fire blight
Fire blight is one of the most dangerous Diseases that can affect plants. The trigger is the bacterium Erwinia amylovora.
The signs are very clear and therefore relatively easy to recognize, because the affected plant sections of the pear turn black and fall off relatively quickly.
If this is the case, you must act quickly. The disease is notifiable and must be reported to the respective municipal garden office. There are no penalties here, but help. As a rule, the affected plants are then removed and destroyed to prevent further spread.
black spot disease
Black spot disease is caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium. Once infested, black spots form, which can spread to all the leaves of the pear. Treatment is difficult but possible. The following three steps are important for this:
1. All affected parts of the plant on the pear tree must be removed and destroyed or disposed of. The cutting tools must be thoroughly disinfected.
2. The entire pear tree must be thoroughly treated with a fungicide known to be effective against black spot disease.
3. The fungal infection can always recur if there are spores in the soil. The soil around the pear tree must therefore also be treated with the fungicide.
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