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"Attention, oak processionary moth". You see this sign more often when walking. But why be wary of oak processionary moths and, more importantly, when is their season over? We tell you what you need to know about the animals.
In a nutshell
- Oak processionary moths are moths
- Caterpillars trigger allergic reactions
- High season: May - September
- Basically year-round risk of allergies
What are oak processionary moths?
The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea) is a moth that flies from July to September. It prefers a warm, dry climate and is spreading throughout Germany as a result of climate change. The animals primarily infest oaks of all kinds, preferring single trees, stand edges and sparse oak forests. In the fall, the female lays up to 200 eggs, after which the animals die. However, the season does not end with the death of the adults; remaining caterpillar hairs pose a danger all year round.
The nests of oak processionary caterpillars are found on oak trees.
notice: If you discover oak processionary moth nests, you should immediately notify your local health, horticultural or forestry department. There is currently no obligation to report.
period and allergy
The caterpillars of the oak processionary moth develop as early as autumn and then overwinter in their eggs until they hatch in April to May. After hatching, the animals join together in processions and migrate to the treetops to eat. Each stage of development of the larvae increases the health risk for humans. From the third larval stage, around May, the caterpillars develop barbed stinging hairs that contain the nettle toxin thaumetopein. The number of stinging hairs increases with each moult. The almost invisible hairs break off easily and then penetrate the epidermis and mucous membranes. They are dangerous for humans and can cause the following allergic reactions:
- Skin and mucus irritation
- itching
- Irritation of the mouth and nose with risk of asthma
- dizziness
- fever
- fatigue
- conjunctivitis
- rare: allergic shock
An acute danger exists above all during the caterpillar feeding period and in direct contact with the caterpillar. From mid-June, the caterpillars pupate and become moths, which swarm until September. But there is also a continuing danger in autumn and winter because the wind disperses leftover caterpillar hairs. Empty molting nests and remaining pupation webs remain for years and represent a potential source of allergies. The season is never completely over, but the danger is significantly reduced in autumn and winter.
The caterpillars of the oak processionary moth gather in groups.
notice: Burning hairs often stick to clothing and shoes. In order to prevent renewed toxic reactions, it is strongly recommended to change clothes and shoes after contact with the animals and to wash them at at least 60 degrees and also to clean other objects thoroughly.
frequently asked Questions
How long does an allergic reaction last?If left untreated, an allergic reaction triggered by oak processionary moths takes about 2 weeks to subside, but depending on the species, it can also be treated with various drugs.
Can the oak processionary moth also be dangerous for my pet?Yes, most animals are protected by their fur, but uncovered areas such as the snout or mucous membranes can react. Dogs are particularly affected. If this is the case, rinse the affected areas as quickly as possible with clear water and cool them down. If in doubt, consult a veterinarian.
Can I still eat fruit from my garden if a nearby tree is infested?If the fruit is not in close proximity to the infested tree, it can be eaten. As a precaution, however, the harvest should be harvested with gloves and washed thoroughly.
Can I remove the nests myself?No, removing the nests should be left to experts as they have the expertise and the appropriate equipment.